![]() Figure and Dynamics of the Earth, Moon and Planets, vol. TEUNISSEN: Geodetic Boundary Value Problem and Linear Inference, Intern. Local Gravity Field Approximation (ed.: K.-P. RUMMEL: From the Observational Model to Gravity Parameter Estimation, proc. TEUNISSEN: A Connection Between Geometric and Gravimetric Geodesy-Some Remarks on the Role of the Gravity Field, in: Daar heb ik veertig jaar over nagedacht. TAPLEY, Report of the Vertical Datum Subcommittee of the Committee on Geodesy, Board on Earth Sciences, National Research Council, 1984. of the IAG Symposia 18th General Assembly, IUGG, vol. RAPP: The Need and Prospects for a World Vertical Datum, proc. Geodetic Symposium Satellite Doppler Positioning, vol. RUMMEL: Comparison of Doppler Derived Undulations with Gravimetric Undulations Considering the Zero-Order Undulation of the Geoid, proc. The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1974. MORITZ: Precise Gravimetric Geodesy, Dept. Earth's Gravitational Field & Secular Variations in Position, pp. MATHER: The Influence of Stationary Sea Surface Topography on Geodetic Considerations, in proc. Geodesy and Physics of the Earth, Potsdam, 1977. LELGEMANN: On the Definition of the Listing Geoid Taking into Consideration Different Height Systems, 3rd Int. Geodetic Science, 349, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1983.ĭ. LASKOWSKI: The Effect of Vertical Datum Inconsistencies on the Determination of Gravity Related Quantities, Dept. KRARUP: Letters on Molodenski's Problem, Communication to the members of IAG Special Study Group 4.31, Copenhagen 1971. KOK: The United European Levelling Network (UELN-73), Report on the Symp. IAPSO Advisory Committee on Tides and Mean Sea Level: Changes in Relative Mean Sea Level, EOS Transactions, AGU, 66, 45, pp. ![]() MORITZ: Physical Geodesy, Freeman, San Francisco, 1967. Geodetic Science, 345, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1983. HAJELA: Accuracy Estimates of Gravity Potential Differences Between Western Europe and United States Through LAGEOS Satellite Laser Ranging Network, Dept. FISCHER: Mean Sea Level and the Marine Geoid-An Analysis of Concepts, Marine Geodesy, 1, 1, 1978.ĭ.P. RAPP: Global Ocean Circulation Pattern Based on SEASAT Altimeter Data and the GEM L2 Gravity Field, 18th General Assembly, IUGG, Hamburg, 1983. on the North American Vertical Datum, National Geodetic Information Center, NOAA, Rockville, 1985. COLOMBO: Levelling with the Help of Space Techniques, in proc. Geodetic Science, 296, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1980. BALAZS: Local Mean Sea Level in Relation to Geodetic Levelling Along the United States Coastlines, National Geodetic Survey, Rockville, Md., 1973. ![]() BAARDA: A Connection Between Geometric and Gravimetric Geodesy, A First Sketch. ALBERDA: Report on the Adjustment of the United European Levelling Net and Related Computations, Netherlands Geodetic Commission, New Series, 1, 2, 1963. The problem can in principle also be solved involving only two datums, in case a precise global gravity field becomes available purely from satellite methods. The unknown off-sets between the various datums appear in the solution inside and outside the Stokes integral and can be estimated in a least squares adjustment, if geocentric positions, levelled heights and adequate gravity material are available for all datum zones. The latter requires the solution of the linear geodetic boundary value problem under the assumption that potential and gravity anomalies refer to a variety of height datums. Two vertical datums can be connected indirectly by means of a combination of precise geocentric positions of two points, as derived by space techniques, their potential (or height) value in the respective height datum and their geoid height difference. Only the unification of large vertical datums and the connection of vertical datums separated by an ocean remains difficult. Also the connection of two adjacent vertical datums poses no principal problem as long as the potential (or height) value of two bench marks of the two systems is known and they can be connected by levelling. ![]() Vertical datum definition is identical with the choice of a potential (or height) value for the fundamental bench mark.
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